Climate change mitigation refers to actions designed to decrease greenhouse gas emissions into Earth’s atmosphere and boost carbon sinks that remove them. This includes switching to low-carbon electricity, changing land use practices and speeding up the transition towards EVs.
Addressing short-lived climate pollutants like methane, hydrofluorocarbons and tropospheric ozone. Also, adaptation projects must account for projected emissions reductions to maximize their value.
Energy
Nearly half of global greenhouse gas emissions arise from energy production, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. Switching to renewable sources like solar or wind power is crucial in mitigating climate change as their use emits far fewer harmful greenhouse gases when burned than fossil fuels do.
Energy generated from renewable sources creates jobs while limiting energy use and increasing efficiency are effective ways of cutting greenhouse gas emissions. Examples include switching from gasoline-powered cars to electric vehicles, purchasing products made with recycled materials and using less electricity at home and work.
Many industrial processes release carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions that pollute our atmosphere, trapping the sun’s heat and warming the planet. Reducing these emissions requires cutting energy consumption while improving equipment and processes to lower them.
Agriculture
Agriculture puts immense strain on our environment: it accounts for more than one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions – from methane from livestock to deforestation of agricultural land -, yet sustainable farming practices can help mitigate some of these negative effects by cutting energy consumption for machinery, decreasing chemical pesticide usage and rebuilding soil carbon to increase crop yields.
Rising temperatures will negatively impact plant growth by increasing evaporation rates and decreasing available water, especially in dry regions. Climate variability will cause fluctuations in precipitation patterns to change; including increased flooding or drought conditions in some locations.
Farmer can adopt more sustainable practices by engaging in crop rotation, decreasing chemical use and planting cover crops to promote soil health. They can also reduce waste by composting food scraps into compost that will increase organic matter and sequester carbon in soils. Behavioural change can be supported through apps like “Too Good to Bin” as well as events like annual awareness weeks in their locality – or by offering targeted offers directly to consumers in the private sector.
Transport
Transport is an indispensable element of our economy, providing specialists and goods across the nation for specialization purposes, yet having a significant impact on the environment as it consumes most energy while emitting large volumes of greenhouse gasses that contribute to global warming effects.
Sustainable transportation is a cornerstone of climate change mitigation. This involves using various modes and technologies – including electric rail vehicles – as means of transport depending on cargo size and type. Government policies may also dictate this choice.
To investigate the predictive effect of transportation industry on climate change and resilience, this research used a linear model to examine data collected from SOEs. The results demonstrated that transportation efficiency is heavily impacted by CO2 and GHG climate change technologies; air transportation being more affected than road or rail transport.
Industry
Industry can significantly contribute to mitigating climate change by using less energy in buildings, public and private spaces, power generation, transmission, and transport; and by developing renewable energy technologies; optimizing processes; reducing waste; and adopting circular economy concepts as ways of cutting carbon in manufacturing and the service sectors.
By taking into account environmental, social, and industrial perspectives this research seeks to examine how industrial systems can reduce climate change pressures while adapting accordingly. By conducting a dual-method review that combined Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis (using Biblioshiny), 2458 publications were analysed using this dual method approach and its analytical results provide insight into publication trends, main research themes and intellectual networks over three decades (1991-2025). The thematic evolution map and clustering depict how research at the climate-industrial interface has progressed over time, from early themes of adaptation and vulnerability to resilience studies that transform industrial-climate relations into one of coordinated sociotechnical transformation. Industrial systems play key roles as both sources of climate stress as well as active contributors towards global mitigation efforts, with major clusters reflecting their key roles as both sources of climate stress and essential agents in global mitigation efforts.