Green buildings address global issues such as climate change and resource conservation by reducing carbon emissions, energy consumption, water usage and waste production. They also minimize impact on local ecosystems through stormwater management, re-use of materials and even toilet composting.
They reduce embodied energy in construction and operating energy, while saving money through lower utility bills. Their owners enjoy higher property values and occupants benefit from improved work performance and health.
Energy Efficiency
The most prominent feature of green buildings is their energy efficiency. From utilizing solar panels and energy-efficient appliances to installing a venting skylight and a roof with an integrated green space, these structures reduce energy consumption and minimize environmental impact while still maintaining occupant comfort and safety.
In addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, green buildings use less energy for heating and cooling, which also results in lower utility bills for their occupants. They also help occupants feel healthier and more productive by prioritizing indoor air quality and maximizing natural light.
Researchers at PNNL are working to advance technology that will reduce building energy waste. This includes accelerating the adoption of highly efficient solid-state lighting, developing advanced building controls to improve energy performance, and advancing improved appliance standards and energy codes for new construction and retrofits. These efforts benefit a wide variety of stakeholders, including developers who can achieve higher resale values and faster payback periods, contractors who gain from reduced materials costs and labor expenses, and occupants who experience better health and productivity benefits.
Water Efficiency
Water conservation is a core element of green buildings, which aim to minimize environmental impact during construction and operation. This may include harvesting rainwater, using recycled materials and implementing low-flow plumbing fixtures. It may also mean separating graywater from potable water and using it to irrigate landscaping.
Effective insulating barriers that regulate the building’s climate reduce energy use by minimizing heating and cooling needs. This in turn reduces the need for consuming fossil fuels, which in turn cuts utility costs.
Green buildings also prioritize the use of local products and materials to support community economies and minimize shipping costs, which reduces waste and environmental pollution. As a result, occupants experience lower utility bills, reduced maintenance costs and higher resale value. Moreover, studies indicate that occupants experience improved productivity and well-being as a result of green buildings’ focus on indoor air quality and natural light. This may include a reduction in sick building syndrome symptoms, respiratory/visual discomfort and increased self-reported satisfaction.
Materials
The building sector is one of the leading contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. Green buildings reduce these impacts by using renewable energy sources, minimizing water consumption, and incorporating eco-friendly materials. Some even produce their own energy or enhance biodiversity.
Manufacturers and commercial property owners that incorporate sustainable construction practices achieve measurable business value from reduced operating costs. For example, cost efficiency from lowered energy and water use lowers risk from volatile utility prices. Improved indoor air quality reduces absenteeism and supports workforce health, while resilient building strategies like flood-resistant materials protect assets from climate risks.
PNNL works with builders to make it easier to meet green standards with affordable products and accessible processes. For example, we provide data products that help contractors find energy-efficient appliances and equipment, as well as products to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from heavy machinery on construction sites. Similarly, we’re developing testing procedures to verify that green buildings meet compliance requirements.
Indoor Air Quality
A major goal of green construction is to create buildings that are healthy and safe for occupants. This includes preventing toxins from entering the building and addressing any existing pollutants. Air pollution is a huge problem worldwide, and it causes many health issues such as respiratory problems and heart disease. Green buildings reduce the amount of air pollutants by using low-VOC paints, promoting water efficiency, and installing ventilation systems.
Green structures also focus on minimizing environmental impact by using recycled and renewable materials and by protecting ecosystems. They also prioritize waste reduction by utilizing rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling. Additionally, they use energy-efficient lighting and materials like reclaimed wood to cut down on electrical usage.