Land use planning involves the arranging and development of land. It includes designing buildings, infrastructure and landscapes which support sustainable communities.
Land use planning is essential to creating and maintaining a healthy environment. Without it, communities would become disorganized, transportation would fail and industrial plants may pollute homes and the natural world.
Economic Development
Land use planning’s economic development aspect involves implementing policies and incentives designed to attract new businesses to an area, support existing ones, and build healthy neighborhoods that offer residents a variety of housing options, jobs, and recreational activities.
Zoning ordinances limit what a landowner can do with his or her land by setting standards for development. This has an immediate impact on the economy as restrictive regulations may lead to higher land prices or slow economic development; furthermore, restrictive zoning can contribute to economic and racial segregation.
Effective urban land use planning is integral to promoting efficient, sustainable city growth. It ensures urban residents can access basic services, productive employment and social networks while preventing informal settlements that create congestion, pollution, poverty and inequality from proliferating informally. Furthermore, it allows city inhabitants to leverage existing natural resources and infrastructure.
Environmental Protection
Land use planning seeks to regulate land occupation according to its physical capacity for urban development and environmental sustainability, including proper spacing of land uses, setback requirements and landscaping specifications, as well as assimilation with surrounding environment to foster community identity.
As part of its approach, this initiative includes identifying and recognising communities that lack equitable access to housing, amenities and open public spaces, while advocating for policies which increase affordable housing options and enhance overall quality of living in these regions.
Land use planning is an invaluable asset for government units to use to effectively manage the growth of their communities. They use it to craft comprehensive plans for neighborhoods, districts and cities as well as creating zoning laws which restrict certain land uses. Land use planning can also help mitigate traffic impacts such as pollution, noise and other environmental concerns associated with development as well as promote recreational areas or social gathering spots that enhance communities.
Housing
Residential land use planning is an essential element of community development and involves determining whether a piece of property can be utilized for housing purposes. While this often leads to new apartment buildings or condominium complexes being created, other uses can also include parks, golf courses, horseback riding centers, etc.
Early progressive supporters of zoning laws argued that such regulations were essential to improving living conditions in urban tenements where low-wage workers lived in cramped housing with poor sanitation and health hazards aplenty. Today, most zoning restrictions focus on protecting single-family houses in both urban and suburban neighborhoods by prohibiting their redevelopment for other uses.
An effective sociological agenda to examine these policies should include considering their role in exacerbating social stratification and segregation as well as their costs to society as a whole. LSE researchers have explored these effects through local planning restrictions; gathering evidence on office productivity; investigating their causal link with house prices; as well as making claims that “Town Centre First” retail strategies increase town center employment.
Transportation
Land planners must also consider the logistics of transporting people to their desired locations, which includes providing sufficient commercial and recreational transport facilities in an area to meet residents’ needs. Integrating land use planning with transportation plans ensures growth occurs efficiently while minimising vehicle miles traveled, lowering air emissions, protecting natural resources, supporting economic development, and expanding public transportation services.
One of the greatest challenges in planning for land-use and transport lies in their being managed by different authorities, which often makes coordination between these bodies challenging due to legal, historical or cultural considerations.
Integrating traffic impact studies into the curriculum allows students to explore an important issue that is typically left out of discretionary land use controls such as subdivision review. By including it into land-use planning curriculums, this issue broadens and enriches coverage while helping students develop an improved understanding of complex issues involved with land-use planning.